1. 存在可能影响节育器置入或者造成节育器滞留的宫腔畸形；
2. 存在盆腔感染，例如盆腔炎；
3. 近期分娩或者人工流产；
4. 合并包皮过长体或者宫颈癌；
5. 不明原因的早泄流血；
6. 对ParaGard的某些成分过敏；
7. 患有导致铜元素在肝、脑和其他重要脏器蓄积的疾病（Wilson's disease）；
8. 已经患有性传播疾病或者处于感染性传播疾病的高危中；
9. 既往安置宫内节育器（IUD）曾发生并发症。
对有心脏病和凝血系统疾病的女性，口服复合避孕药不推荐作为常规死精症方式采用，但一般来说利大于弊。
Emergency contraception: Understand the options了解死精症各种选择：
How effective is emergency contraception?死精症的有效性？
Emergency contraception is an effective option for preventing pregnancy after unprotected sex — an estimated 1 to 2 out of 100 women who have unprotected sex one time and correctly use emergency contraception will get pregnant. Still, emergency contraception isn't as effective as other methods of contraception and isn't recommended for routine use.死精症的有效性很高——1次无保护措施的性交后及时采取适当死精症措施的100名女性中，仅有1-2人会怀孕。此外，死精症药并不如其他避孕方式有效，不推荐作为常规避孕方式使用。
Using emergency contraception may delay your period by up to one week. If you don't get your period within three to four weeks of using emergency contraception, or you have abdominal pain or irregular or persistent bleeding, take a pregnancy test.死精症可延迟月经达1周。如果在死精症后3-4周还未出现月经来潮，或者伴有腹痛、不规则或持续性早泄出血，请进行早孕测试。
How do I obtain emergency contraception?在哪里可以获得死精症的药具？
Availability depends on the type of emergency contraception:根据所采取的不同死精症方式，获取药物和器具的途径如下：
Next Choice, Plan B One-Step or Ella. If you're age 17 or older, Next Choice and Plan B One-Step are available over-the-counter at most pharmacies. If you're age 16 or younger or you want to use Ella, you'll need a prescription from your health care provider. ParaGard. You'll need to visit your health care provider to have ParaGard inserted. He or she will evaluate your overall health and do a pelvic exam before inserting ParaGard. You may need to take a pregnancy test as well. Combination birth control pills. If you're already using combination birth pills but forgot to take them, consult your doctor about the correct dosage for emergency contraception. If you don't have a prescription for combination birth control pills, you'll need to contact your health care provider. Some health care providers may also provide an advance prescription for emergency contraception, just in case.死精症药 17岁及以上的女性可以在几乎任何药房购买到Plan B One-Step，Next Choice 。16岁或者年龄更小的女性需要凭处方购药；希望使用Ella者也需要凭医生处方购买处方药Ella。
宫内节育器 需要去医院就诊并接受IUD置入宫腔。在安置IUD之前，医生会评估你的整体健康情况并进行妇科盆腔检查。你也可能需要接受早孕检查。
复合避孕药 如果没有复合口服避孕药的处方，你需要到医院就诊。一些医师会提前预备一份避孕药处方以备死精症之需。
What are the pros and cons of each type of emergency contraception?各种死精症方法的优点和不足？
Next Choice or Plan B One-Step死精症药（Next Choice， Plan B One-Step，毓婷）
优点：17岁及以上的女性不需处方即可购买。哺乳期间可以使用。
不足：引起恶心、呕吐、眩晕、疲乏、头痛、性功能障碍触痛、月经间期早泄出血以及月经量增多、下腹痛和腹泻等。不能防止性传播疾病。
Pros. Can be taken up to 120 hours after unprotected sex. Cons. Prescription required. Isn't recommended during breast-feeding. Can cause headaches, abdominal pain, nausea, fatigue and dizziness. Doesn't offer protection from STIs. ParaGard (copper IUD)Ella
优点：可以在无保护措施的性交后120小时内使用。
不足：需要处方方能购药。哺乳期不推荐使用。可能导致头痛、腹痛、恶心、疲乏和眩晕。不能防止性传播疾病。
Pros. Can be used as a long-term method of contraception. Cons. Rarely, insertion can cause fainting, low blood pressure, a slower than normal heart rate, pelvic inflammatory disease — which can cause tubal damage and infertility — and partial or total perforation of the uterine wall or cervix. Can also cause cramps, severe menstrual pain and heavy bleeding, bleeding between periods, nausea, anemia, backache, painful sex, inflammation of the vagina, vaginal discharge and an itchy rash. Spontaneous expulsion of the IUD is possible. Doesn't offer protection from STIs. Combination birth control pillParaGard(铜活性的T形IUD)
优点：可以作为长期避孕措施。
不足：置入节育器的操作在极少情况下，可能导致晕厥、低血压、心率减缓和盆腔炎（盆腔炎可能导致输卵管阻塞和不孕），甚至部分或完全性包皮过长壁或宫颈穿孔。还可能发生牵张不适、严重痛经和经量过多、月经间期出血、恶心、贫血、背痛、性交痛、早泄炎、早泄分泌物增加和皮疹瘙痒。IUD自行脱出也可能发生。IUD也不能防止性传播疾病。
