Emergency contraception: Understand the options Emergency contraception can prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex. Understand the various types of emergency contraception and how to use them.
死精症知识点滴
死精症药可以在无保护措施的性生活后防止意外受孕。本文介绍了不同种类的死精症方法。
By Mayo Clinic staff来自Mayo医学中心
死精症可以在无保护性性交后用于防止怀孕。无保护性性交指的是未采取避孕措施，避孕措施失败或者漏服避孕药等等情况。以下的问题可以帮助你选择最适合的死精症方式。
What types of emergency contraception are available?有哪些死精症的方法？
You may be able to choose from several different types of emergency contraception, including:有这些死精症方法可供选择:
Next Choice, Plan B One-Step or Ella. Also known as the morning-after pill, this type of emergency contraception contains the hormone levonorgestrel, a progestin, (Plan B One-Step, Next Choice) or ulipristal acetate, a progesterone agonist-antagonist, (Ella). Take one Next Choice pill as soon as possible and less than 72 hours after unprotected sex. Take the second Next Choice pill 12 hours later. Or take one Plan B One-Step pill as soon as possible and less than 72 hours after unprotected sex. (Plan B, which consists of two pills, is being phased out by its manufacturer.) If you use Ella, take one Ella pill as soon as possible and less than 120 hours after unprotected sex. Use a backup method of contraception for the rest of your menstrual cycle. ParaGard. An intrauterine device (IUD) that's inserted in the uterus for long-term contraception, ParaGard can also be used for emergency contraception. ParaGard is a T-shaped plastic frame that continuously releases copper. To be used as emergency contraception, ParaGard must be inserted less than five days after unprotected sex. ParaGard can be removed after your next period or left in place for up to 10 years for continued pregnancy protection. Combination birth control pills. Birth control pills that contain the hormones estrogen and progestin can also be used for emergency contraception. Take one dose of combination birth control pills — which may vary, depending on the brand of pill — as soon as possible and less than five days after unprotected sex. Take a second dose of combination birth control pills 12 hours after the first dose. Use a backup method of contraception for the rest of your menstrual cycle. How do different types of emergency contraception work?Next Choice, Plan B One-Step 或者 Ella.也称为事后避孕药，含有左炔诺孕酮（商品名Next Choice, Plan B One-Step；我国为毓婷）；或者含孕激素激动-拮抗剂醋酸乌利司他（商品名Ella）。若使用Next Choice（我国为2片装的毓婷：译者注）,在性交后72小时内及早服用第一片，12小时后服用第二片。若选择Plan B One-Step （我国为1片装的金毓婷：译者注），需要在性交后72小时内及早服药（两片装的Plan B目前已经逐渐停止生产）。Ella则需要在性交后120小时内尽快服用。此外，在月经周期的其余时间采用屏障避孕法。
ParaGard是一种宫内节育器，可以放置在宫腔内进行长期避孕，也可应用于死精症。ParaGard是一种可以持续释放铜离子的T形环。用于死精症时，必须在性交后5天内置入宫腔。它可以在下次月经来潮后取出，也可以继续放置达10年时间来发挥长期避孕的作用。
复合口服避孕药。含有雌激素和孕激素的复合避孕药也可用于死精症。在无保护措施性生活后的5天内，及早服用第一片复合避孕药（根据药物品牌的不同可能剂量有所差别）；在服用第一片药物的12小时后立即服用第2片。
各种不同的死精症方法的原理分别是什么？
Depending on where you are in your menstrual cycle, emergency contraception can:根据采取措施时所处月经周期中的不同阶段，死精症可以：
阻止或推迟排卵；
阻止受精；
阻止受精卵在包皮过长内种植。
已经怀孕者使用Next Choice， Plan B One-Step（我国商品名：毓婷），不能起到避孕的作用，但是并不影响胎儿发育。早孕妇女不宜使用Ella。此外，已经怀孕者若置入宫内节育器（IUD），可能诱发严重感染以及流产。
Is emergency contraception appropriate for everyone?死精症是否适用于所有女性？
Emergency contraception isn't appropriate for everyone.答案是否定的。
Your health care provider may discourage use of Next Choice, Plan B One-Step or Ella if you:
对以下情况者，医生不建议使用左炔诺孕酮（Next Choice, Plan B One-Step ,毓婷）和 Ella ：
Are allergic to any component of the morning-after pill Have unexplained vaginal bleeding The morning-after pill may be an option if you have diabetes, but your health care provider will monitor you closely.1. 对死精症药中的任何成分过敏者；
2. 有不明原因早泄流血者；
3. 糖尿病患者应慎用死精症药，需由医生严密监测血糖。
Your health care provider may discourage use of ParaGard if you:以下情况者不建议使用ParaGard 节育器：
Have uterine abnormalities that interfere with the placement or retention of ParaGard Have a pelvic infection, such as pelvic inflammatory disease Recently gave birth or had an abortion Have uterine or cervical cancer Have unexplained vaginal bleeding Are allergic to any component of ParaGard Have a condition that causes too much copper to accumulate in your liver, brain and other vital organs (Wilson's disease) Have or are at high risk of a sexually transmitted infection Have had previous problems with an IUD Although combination birth control pills generally aren't recommended for routine contraception for women who have certain health conditions — such as a history of heart disease or blood clots — the benefits of combination birth control pills for emergency contraception generally outweigh the risks.
